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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kušman |
| Genitive: | kušmanə̑n |
| Dative: | kušmanlan |
| Accusative: | kušmanə̑m |
| Comparative: | kušmanla |
| Comitative: | kušmange |
| Inessive: | kušmanə̑šte |
| Illative: | kušmanə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kušmaneš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kušmanem |
| 2SG: | kušmanet |
| 3SG: | kušmanže |
| 1PL: | kušmanna |
| 2PL: | kušmanda |
| 3PL: | kušmanə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kušman-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kušman-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kušmanla |
| Sociative Plural: | kušmanmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kušmanem | kušman-βlak | kušman-βlakem, kušmanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kušmanemə̑n | kušman-βlakə̑n | kušman-βlakemə̑n, kušmanem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kušmanemlan, kušmanlanem | kušman-βlaklan | kušman-βlakemlan, kušmanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kušmanemə̑m | kušman-βlakə̑m | kušman-βlakemə̑m, kušmanem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kušmanemla, kušmanlam | kušman-βlakla | kušman-βlakemla, kušmanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kušmanemge | kušman-βlakge | kušman-βlakemge, kušmanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kušmanə̑štem | kušman-βlakə̑šte | kušman-βlakə̑štem, kušmanem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kušmanə̑škem | kušman-βlakə̑š(ke) | kušman-βlakə̑škem, kušmanem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kušmanešem | kušman-βlakeš | kušman-βlakešem, kušmanem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||