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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kuʃman |
| Genitive: | kuʃmanən |
| Dative: | kuʃmanlan |
| Accusative: | kuʃmanəm |
| Comparative: | kuʃmanla |
| Comitative: | kuʃmange |
| Inessive: | kuʃmanəʃte |
| Illative: | kuʃmanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kuʃmaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kuʃmanem |
| 2SG: | kuʃmanet |
| 3SG: | kuʃmanʒe |
| 1PL: | kuʃmanːa |
| 2PL: | kuʃmanda |
| 3PL: | kuʃmanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kuʃman-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kuʃman-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kuʃmanla |
| Sociative Plural: | kuʃmanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kuʃmanem | kuʃman-βlak | kuʃman-βlakem, kuʃmanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kuʃmanemən | kuʃman-βlakən | kuʃman-βlakemən, kuʃmanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kuʃmanemlan, kuʃmanlanem | kuʃman-βlaklan | kuʃman-βlakemlan, kuʃmanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kuʃmaneməm | kuʃman-βlakəm | kuʃman-βlakeməm, kuʃmanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kuʃmanemla, kuʃmanlam | kuʃman-βlakla | kuʃman-βlakemla, kuʃmanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kuʃmanemge | kuʃman-βlakge | kuʃman-βlakemge, kuʃmanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kuʃmanəʃtem | kuʃman-βlakəʃte | kuʃman-βlakəʃtem, kuʃmanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kuʃmanəʃkem | kuʃman-βlakəʃ(ke) | kuʃman-βlakəʃkem, kuʃmanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kuʃmaneʃem | kuʃman-βlakeʃ | kuʃman-βlakeʃem, kuʃmanem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||