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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kuŋgan |
| Genitive: | kuŋganə̑n |
| Dative: | kuŋganlan |
| Accusative: | kuŋganə̑m |
| Comparative: | kuŋganla |
| Comitative: | kuŋgange |
| Inessive: | kuŋganə̑šte |
| Illative: | kuŋganə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kuŋganeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kuŋganem |
| 2SG: | kuŋganet |
| 3SG: | kuŋganže |
| 1PL: | kuŋganna |
| 2PL: | kuŋganda |
| 3PL: | kuŋganə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kuŋgan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kuŋgan-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kuŋganla |
| Sociative Plural: | kuŋganmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kuŋganem | kuŋgan-βlak | kuŋgan-βlakem, kuŋganem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kuŋganemə̑n | kuŋgan-βlakə̑n | kuŋgan-βlakemə̑n, kuŋganem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kuŋganemlan, kuŋganlanem | kuŋgan-βlaklan | kuŋgan-βlakemlan, kuŋganem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kuŋganemə̑m | kuŋgan-βlakə̑m | kuŋgan-βlakemə̑m, kuŋganem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kuŋganemla, kuŋganlam | kuŋgan-βlakla | kuŋgan-βlakemla, kuŋganem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kuŋganemge | kuŋgan-βlakge | kuŋgan-βlakemge, kuŋganem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kuŋganə̑štem | kuŋgan-βlakə̑šte | kuŋgan-βlakə̑štem, kuŋganem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kuŋganə̑škem | kuŋgan-βlakə̑š(ke) | kuŋgan-βlakə̑škem, kuŋganem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kuŋganešem | kuŋgan-βlakeš | kuŋgan-βlakešem, kuŋganem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||