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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kukʃo |
| Genitive: | kukʃən |
| Dative: | kukʃəlan |
| Accusative: | kukʃəm |
| Comparative: | kukʃəla |
| Comitative: | kukʃəge |
| Inessive: | kukʃəʃto |
| Illative: | kukʃəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | kukʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kukʃem |
| 2SG: | kukʃet |
| 3SG: | kukʃəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | kukʃəna |
| 2PL: | kukʃəda |
| 3PL: | kukʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kukʃo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kukʃo-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kukʃəla |
| Sociative Plural: | kukʃəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kukʃem | kukʃo-βlak | kukʃo-βlakem, kukʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kukʃemən | kukʃo-βlakən | kukʃo-βlakemən, kukʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kukʃemlan, kukʃəlanem | kukʃo-βlaklan | kukʃo-βlakemlan, kukʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kukʃeməm | kukʃo-βlakəm | kukʃo-βlakeməm, kukʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kukʃemla, kukʃəlam | kukʃo-βlakla | kukʃo-βlakemla, kukʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kukʃemge | kukʃo-βlakge | kukʃo-βlakemge, kukʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kukʃəʃtem | kukʃo-βlakəʃte | kukʃo-βlakəʃtem, kukʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kukʃəʃkem | kukʃo-βlakəʃ(ke) | kukʃo-βlakəʃkem, kukʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kukʃeʃem | kukʃo-βlakeʃ | kukʃo-βlakeʃem, kukʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||