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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge) |
| Genitive: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)ən |
| Dative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)lan |
| Accusative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)əm |
| Comparative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)la |
| Comitative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)ge |
| Inessive: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)əʃte |
| Illative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)əʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)jeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)jem |
| 2SG: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)jet |
| 3SG: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)ʒe |
| 1PL: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)na |
| 2PL: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)da |
| 3PL: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)əʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)la |
| Sociative Plural: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)mət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)jem | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlak | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakem, kəna-joʃkar(ge)jem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)jemən | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakən | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakemən, kəna-joʃkar(ge)jem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)jemlan, kəna-joʃkar(ge)lanem | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlaklan | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakemlan, kəna-joʃkar(ge)jem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)jeməm | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakəm | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakeməm, kəna-joʃkar(ge)jem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)jemla, kəna-joʃkar(ge)lam | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakla | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakemla, kəna-joʃkar(ge)jem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)jemge | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakge | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakemge, kəna-joʃkar(ge)jem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)əʃtem | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakəʃte | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakəʃtem, kəna-joʃkar(ge)jem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)əʃkem | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakəʃ(ke) | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakəʃkem, kəna-joʃkar(ge)jem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kəna-joʃkar(ge)jeʃem | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakeʃ | kəna-joʃkar(ge)-βlakeʃem, kəna-joʃkar(ge)jem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||