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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kəʃat͡ɕe |
| Genitive: | kəʃat͡ɕən |
| Dative: | kəʃat͡ɕəlan |
| Accusative: | kəʃat͡ɕəm |
| Comparative: | kəʃat͡ɕəla |
| Comitative: | kəʃat͡ɕəge |
| Inessive: | kəʃat͡ɕəʃte |
| Illative: | kəʃat͡ɕəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kəʃat͡ɕeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kəʃat͡ɕem |
| 2SG: | kəʃat͡ɕet |
| 3SG: | kəʃat͡ɕəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kəʃat͡ɕəna |
| 2PL: | kəʃat͡ɕəda |
| 3PL: | kəʃat͡ɕəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kəʃat͡ɕe-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kəʃat͡ɕəla |
| Sociative Plural: | kəʃat͡ɕəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kəʃat͡ɕem | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlak | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakem, kəʃat͡ɕem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kəʃat͡ɕemən | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakən | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakemən, kəʃat͡ɕem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kəʃat͡ɕemlan, kəʃat͡ɕəlanem | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlaklan | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakemlan, kəʃat͡ɕem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kəʃat͡ɕeməm | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakəm | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakeməm, kəʃat͡ɕem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kəʃat͡ɕemla, kəʃat͡ɕəlam | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakla | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakemla, kəʃat͡ɕem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kəʃat͡ɕemge | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakge | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakemge, kəʃat͡ɕem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kəʃat͡ɕəʃtem | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakəʃte | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakəʃtem, kəʃat͡ɕem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kəʃat͡ɕəʃkem | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakəʃ(ke) | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakəʃkem, kəʃat͡ɕem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kəʃat͡ɕeʃem | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakeʃ | kəʃat͡ɕe-βlakeʃem, kəʃat͡ɕem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||