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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kə̑škaltə̑š |
| Genitive: | kə̑škaltə̑šə̑n |
| Dative: | kə̑škaltə̑šlan |
| Accusative: | kə̑škaltə̑šə̑m |
| Comparative: | kə̑škaltə̑šla |
| Comitative: | kə̑škaltə̑šge |
| Inessive: | kə̑škaltə̑šte, kə̑škaltə̑šə̑šte |
| Illative: | kə̑škaltə̑ške, kə̑škaltə̑šə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kə̑škaltə̑šeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kə̑škaltə̑šem |
| 2SG: | kə̑škaltə̑šet |
| 3SG: | kə̑škaltə̑šše, kə̑škaltə̑šə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | kə̑škaltə̑šna |
| 2PL: | kə̑škaltə̑šda |
| 3PL: | kə̑škaltə̑šə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kə̑škaltə̑š-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kə̑škaltə̑šla |
| Sociative Plural: | kə̑škaltə̑šmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kə̑škaltə̑šem | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlak | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakem, kə̑škaltə̑šem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kə̑škaltə̑šemə̑n | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakə̑n | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakemə̑n, kə̑škaltə̑šem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kə̑škaltə̑šemlan, kə̑škaltə̑šlanem | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlaklan | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakemlan, kə̑škaltə̑šem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kə̑škaltə̑šemə̑m | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakə̑m | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakemə̑m, kə̑škaltə̑šem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kə̑škaltə̑šemla, kə̑škaltə̑šlam | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakla | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakemla, kə̑škaltə̑šem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kə̑škaltə̑šemge | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakge | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakemge, kə̑škaltə̑šem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kə̑škaltə̑štem, kə̑škaltə̑šə̑štem | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakə̑šte | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakə̑štem, kə̑škaltə̑šem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kə̑škaltə̑škem, kə̑škaltə̑šə̑škem | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakə̑š(ke) | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakə̑škem, kə̑škaltə̑šem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kə̑škaltə̑šešem | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakeš | kə̑škaltə̑š-βlakešem, kə̑škaltə̑šem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||