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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | kəʃkəʃe |
Genitive: | kəʃkəʃən |
Dative: | kəʃkəʃəlan |
Accusative: | kəʃkəʃəm |
Comparative: | kəʃkəʃəla |
Comitative: | kəʃkəʃəge |
Inessive: | kəʃkəʃəʃte |
Illative: | kəʃkəʃəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kəʃkəʃeʃ |
1SG: | kəʃkəʃem |
2SG: | kəʃkəʃet |
3SG: | kəʃkəʃəʒ(e) |
1PL: | kəʃkəʃəna |
2PL: | kəʃkəʃəda |
3PL: | kəʃkəʃəʃt |
Plural (1): | kəʃkəʃe-βlak |
Plural (2): | kəʃkəʃe-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | kəʃkəʃəla |
Sociative Plural: | kəʃkəʃəmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | kəʃkəʃem | kəʃkəʃe-βlak | kəʃkəʃe-βlakem, kəʃkəʃem-βlak |
Genitive: | kəʃkəʃemən | kəʃkəʃe-βlakən | kəʃkəʃe-βlakemən, kəʃkəʃem-βlakən |
Dative: | kəʃkəʃemlan, kəʃkəʃəlanem | kəʃkəʃe-βlaklan | kəʃkəʃe-βlakemlan, kəʃkəʃem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | kəʃkəʃeməm | kəʃkəʃe-βlakəm | kəʃkəʃe-βlakeməm, kəʃkəʃem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | kəʃkəʃemla, kəʃkəʃəlam | kəʃkəʃe-βlakla | kəʃkəʃe-βlakemla, kəʃkəʃem-βlakla |
Comitative: | kəʃkəʃemge | kəʃkəʃe-βlakge | kəʃkəʃe-βlakemge, kəʃkəʃem-βlakge |
Inessive: | kəʃkəʃəʃtem | kəʃkəʃe-βlakəʃte | kəʃkəʃe-βlakəʃtem, kəʃkəʃem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | kəʃkəʃəʃkem | kəʃkəʃe-βlakəʃ(ke) | kəʃkəʃe-βlakəʃkem, kəʃkəʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kəʃkəʃeʃem | kəʃkəʃe-βlakeʃ | kəʃkəʃe-βlakeʃem, kəʃkəʃem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 10 August 2023 |