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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kəʃəl |
| Genitive: | kəʃələn |
| Dative: | kəʃəlːan |
| Accusative: | kəʃələm |
| Comparative: | kəʃəlːa |
| Comitative: | kəʃəlge |
| Inessive: | kəʃələʃte |
| Illative: | kəʃələʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kəʃəleʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kəʃəlem |
| 2SG: | kəʃəlet |
| 3SG: | kəʃəlʒe |
| 1PL: | kəʃəlna |
| 2PL: | kəʃəlda |
| 3PL: | kəʃələʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kəʃəl-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kəʃəl-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kəʃəlːa |
| Sociative Plural: | kəʃəlmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kəʃəlem | kəʃəl-βlak | kəʃəl-βlakem, kəʃəlem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kəʃəlemən | kəʃəl-βlakən | kəʃəl-βlakemən, kəʃəlem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kəʃəlemlan, kəʃəlːanem | kəʃəl-βlaklan | kəʃəl-βlakemlan, kəʃəlem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kəʃəleməm | kəʃəl-βlakəm | kəʃəl-βlakeməm, kəʃəlem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kəʃəlemla, kəʃəlːam | kəʃəl-βlakla | kəʃəl-βlakemla, kəʃəlem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kəʃəlemge | kəʃəl-βlakge | kəʃəl-βlakemge, kəʃəlem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kəʃələʃtem | kəʃəl-βlakəʃte | kəʃəl-βlakəʃtem, kəʃəlem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kəʃələʃkem | kəʃəl-βlakəʃ(ke) | kəʃəl-βlakəʃkem, kəʃəlem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kəʃəleʃem | kəʃəl-βlakeʃ | kəʃəl-βlakeʃem, kəʃəlem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||