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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | küpšaka |
| Genitive: | küpšakan |
| Dative: | küpšakalan |
| Accusative: | küpšakam |
| Comparative: | küpšakala |
| Comitative: | küpšakage |
| Inessive: | küpšakašte |
| Illative: | küpšakaš(ke) |
| Lative: | küpšakaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | küpšakam |
| 2SG: | küpšakat |
| 3SG: | küpšakaž(e) |
| 1PL: | küpšakana |
| 2PL: | küpšakada |
| 3PL: | küpšakašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | küpšaka-βlak |
| Plural (2): | küpšaka-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | küpšakala |
| Sociative Plural: | küpšakamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | küpšakam | küpšaka-βlak | küpšaka-βlakem, küpšakam-βlak |
| Genitive: | küpšakamə̑n | küpšaka-βlakə̑n | küpšaka-βlakemə̑n, küpšakam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | küpšakamlan, küpšakalanem | küpšaka-βlaklan | küpšaka-βlakemlan, küpšakam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | küpšakamə̑m | küpšaka-βlakə̑m | küpšaka-βlakemə̑m, küpšakam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | küpšakamla, küpšakalam | küpšaka-βlakla | küpšaka-βlakemla, küpšakam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | küpšakamge | küpšaka-βlakge | küpšaka-βlakemge, küpšakam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | küpšakaštem | küpšaka-βlakə̑šte | küpšaka-βlakə̑štem, küpšakam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | küpšakaškem | küpšaka-βlakə̑š(ke) | küpšaka-βlakə̑škem, küpšakam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | küpšakašem | küpšaka-βlakeš | küpšaka-βlakešem, küpšakam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||