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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | кӱпшан |
| Genitive: | кӱпшанын |
| Dative: | кӱпшанлан |
| Accusative: | кӱпшаным |
| Comparative: | кӱпшанла |
| Comitative: | кӱпшанге |
| Inessive: | кӱпшаныште |
| Illative: | кӱпшаныш(ке) |
| Lative: | кӱпшанеш |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | кӱпшанем |
| 2SG: | кӱпшанет |
| 3SG: | кӱпшанже |
| 1PL: | кӱпшанна |
| 2PL: | кӱпшанда |
| 3PL: | кӱпшанышт |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | кӱпшан-влак |
| Plural (2): | кӱпшан-шамыч |
| Short Plural: | кӱпшанла |
| Sociative Plural: | кӱпшанмыт |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | кӱпшанем | кӱпшан-влак | кӱпшан-влакем, кӱпшанем-влак |
| Genitive: | кӱпшанемын | кӱпшан-влакын | кӱпшан-влакемын, кӱпшанем-влакын |
| Dative: | кӱпшанемлан, кӱпшанланем | кӱпшан-влаклан | кӱпшан-влакемлан, кӱпшанем-влаклан |
| Accusative: | кӱпшанемым | кӱпшан-влакым | кӱпшан-влакемым, кӱпшанем-влакым |
| Comparative: | кӱпшанемла, кӱпшанлам | кӱпшан-влакла | кӱпшан-влакемла, кӱпшанем-влакла |
| Comitative: | кӱпшанемге | кӱпшан-влакге | кӱпшан-влакемге, кӱпшанем-влакге |
| Inessive: | кӱпшаныштем | кӱпшан-влакыште | кӱпшан-влакыштем, кӱпшанем-влакыште |
| Illative: | кӱпшанышкем | кӱпшан-влакыш(ке) | кӱпшан-влакышкем, кӱпшанем-влакыш(ке) |
| Lative: | кӱпшанешем | кӱпшан-влакеш | кӱпшан-влакешем, кӱпшанем-влакеш |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||