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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kyʃtəʃan |
| Genitive: | kyʃtəʃanən |
| Dative: | kyʃtəʃanlan |
| Accusative: | kyʃtəʃanəm |
| Comparative: | kyʃtəʃanla |
| Comitative: | kyʃtəʃange |
| Inessive: | kyʃtəʃanəʃte |
| Illative: | kyʃtəʃanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kyʃtəʃaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kyʃtəʃanem |
| 2SG: | kyʃtəʃanet |
| 3SG: | kyʃtəʃanʒe |
| 1PL: | kyʃtəʃanːa |
| 2PL: | kyʃtəʃanda |
| 3PL: | kyʃtəʃanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kyʃtəʃan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kyʃtəʃan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kyʃtəʃanla |
| Sociative Plural: | kyʃtəʃanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kyʃtəʃanem | kyʃtəʃan-βlak | kyʃtəʃan-βlakem, kyʃtəʃanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kyʃtəʃanemən | kyʃtəʃan-βlakən | kyʃtəʃan-βlakemən, kyʃtəʃanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kyʃtəʃanemlan, kyʃtəʃanlanem | kyʃtəʃan-βlaklan | kyʃtəʃan-βlakemlan, kyʃtəʃanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kyʃtəʃaneməm | kyʃtəʃan-βlakəm | kyʃtəʃan-βlakeməm, kyʃtəʃanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kyʃtəʃanemla, kyʃtəʃanlam | kyʃtəʃan-βlakla | kyʃtəʃan-βlakemla, kyʃtəʃanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kyʃtəʃanemge | kyʃtəʃan-βlakge | kyʃtəʃan-βlakemge, kyʃtəʃanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kyʃtəʃanəʃtem | kyʃtəʃan-βlakəʃte | kyʃtəʃan-βlakəʃtem, kyʃtəʃanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kyʃtəʃanəʃkem | kyʃtəʃan-βlakəʃ(ke) | kyʃtəʃan-βlakəʃkem, kyʃtəʃanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kyʃtəʃaneʃem | kyʃtəʃan-βlakeʃ | kyʃtəʃan-βlakeʃem, kyʃtəʃanem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||