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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | lapa |
| Genitive: | lapan |
| Dative: | lapalan |
| Accusative: | lapam |
| Comparative: | lapala |
| Comitative: | lapage |
| Inessive: | lapaʃte |
| Illative: | lapaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | lapaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | lapam |
| 2SG: | lapat |
| 3SG: | lapaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | lapana |
| 2PL: | lapada |
| 3PL: | lapaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | lapa-βlak |
| Plural (2): | lapa-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | lapala |
| Sociative Plural: | lapamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | lapam | lapa-βlak | lapa-βlakem, lapam-βlak |
| Genitive: | lapamən | lapa-βlakən | lapa-βlakemən, lapam-βlakən |
| Dative: | lapamlan, lapalanem | lapa-βlaklan | lapa-βlakemlan, lapam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | lapaməm | lapa-βlakəm | lapa-βlakeməm, lapam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | lapamla, lapalam | lapa-βlakla | lapa-βlakemla, lapam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | lapamge | lapa-βlakge | lapa-βlakemge, lapam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | lapaʃtem | lapa-βlakəʃte | lapa-βlakəʃtem, lapam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | lapaʃkem | lapa-βlakəʃ(ke) | lapa-βlakəʃkem, lapam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | lapaʃem | lapa-βlakeʃ | lapa-βlakeʃem, lapam-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||