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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | listan |
| Genitive: | listanən |
| Dative: | listanlan |
| Accusative: | listanəm |
| Comparative: | listanla |
| Comitative: | listange |
| Inessive: | listanəʃte |
| Illative: | listanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | listaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | listanem |
| 2SG: | listanet |
| 3SG: | listanʒe |
| 1PL: | listanːa |
| 2PL: | listanda |
| 3PL: | listanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | listan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | listan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | listanla |
| Sociative Plural: | listanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | listanem | listan-βlak | listan-βlakem, listanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | listanemən | listan-βlakən | listan-βlakemən, listanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | listanemlan, listanlanem | listan-βlaklan | listan-βlakemlan, listanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | listaneməm | listan-βlakəm | listan-βlakeməm, listanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | listanemla, listanlam | listan-βlakla | listan-βlakemla, listanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | listanemge | listan-βlakge | listan-βlakemge, listanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | listanəʃtem | listan-βlakəʃte | listan-βlakəʃtem, listanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | listanəʃkem | listan-βlakəʃ(ke) | listan-βlakəʃkem, listanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | listaneʃem | listan-βlakeʃ | listan-βlakeʃem, listanem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||