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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | lopaʃan |
Genitive: | lopaʃanən |
Dative: | lopaʃanlan |
Accusative: | lopaʃanəm |
Comparative: | lopaʃanla |
Comitative: | lopaʃange |
Inessive: | lopaʃanəʃte |
Illative: | lopaʃanəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | lopaʃaneʃ |
1SG: | lopaʃanem |
2SG: | lopaʃanet |
3SG: | lopaʃanʒe |
1PL: | lopaʃanːa |
2PL: | lopaʃanda |
3PL: | lopaʃanəʃt |
Plural (1): | lopaʃan-βlak |
Plural (2): | lopaʃan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | lopaʃanla |
Sociative Plural: | lopaʃanmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | lopaʃanem | lopaʃan-βlak | lopaʃan-βlakem, lopaʃanem-βlak |
Genitive: | lopaʃanemən | lopaʃan-βlakən | lopaʃan-βlakemən, lopaʃanem-βlakən |
Dative: | lopaʃanemlan, lopaʃanlanem | lopaʃan-βlaklan | lopaʃan-βlakemlan, lopaʃanem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | lopaʃaneməm | lopaʃan-βlakəm | lopaʃan-βlakeməm, lopaʃanem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | lopaʃanemla, lopaʃanlam | lopaʃan-βlakla | lopaʃan-βlakemla, lopaʃanem-βlakla |
Comitative: | lopaʃanemge | lopaʃan-βlakge | lopaʃan-βlakemge, lopaʃanem-βlakge |
Inessive: | lopaʃanəʃtem | lopaʃan-βlakəʃte | lopaʃan-βlakəʃtem, lopaʃanem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | lopaʃanəʃkem | lopaʃan-βlakəʃ(ke) | lopaʃan-βlakəʃkem, lopaʃanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | lopaʃaneʃem | lopaʃan-βlakeʃ | lopaʃan-βlakeʃem, lopaʃanem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 10 August 2023 |