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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | ʎapiʃka |
| Genitive: | ʎapiʃkan |
| Dative: | ʎapiʃkalan |
| Accusative: | ʎapiʃkam |
| Comparative: | ʎapiʃkala |
| Comitative: | ʎapiʃkage |
| Inessive: | ʎapiʃkaʃte |
| Illative: | ʎapiʃkaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | ʎapiʃkaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | ʎapiʃkam |
| 2SG: | ʎapiʃkat |
| 3SG: | ʎapiʃkaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | ʎapiʃkana |
| 2PL: | ʎapiʃkada |
| 3PL: | ʎapiʃkaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | ʎapiʃka-βlak |
| Plural (2): | ʎapiʃka-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | ʎapiʃkala |
| Sociative Plural: | ʎapiʃkamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | ʎapiʃkam | ʎapiʃka-βlak | ʎapiʃka-βlakem, ʎapiʃkam-βlak |
| Genitive: | ʎapiʃkamən | ʎapiʃka-βlakən | ʎapiʃka-βlakemən, ʎapiʃkam-βlakən |
| Dative: | ʎapiʃkamlan, ʎapiʃkalanem | ʎapiʃka-βlaklan | ʎapiʃka-βlakemlan, ʎapiʃkam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | ʎapiʃkaməm | ʎapiʃka-βlakəm | ʎapiʃka-βlakeməm, ʎapiʃkam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | ʎapiʃkamla, ʎapiʃkalam | ʎapiʃka-βlakla | ʎapiʃka-βlakemla, ʎapiʃkam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | ʎapiʃkamge | ʎapiʃka-βlakge | ʎapiʃka-βlakemge, ʎapiʃkam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | ʎapiʃkaʃtem | ʎapiʃka-βlakəʃte | ʎapiʃka-βlakəʃtem, ʎapiʃkam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | ʎapiʃkaʃkem | ʎapiʃka-βlakəʃ(ke) | ʎapiʃka-βlakəʃkem, ʎapiʃkam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | ʎapiʃkaʃem | ʎapiʃka-βlakeʃ | ʎapiʃka-βlakeʃem, ʎapiʃkam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||