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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | naparnik |
| Genitive: | naparnikən |
| Dative: | naparniklan |
| Accusative: | naparnikəm |
| Comparative: | naparnikla |
| Comitative: | naparnikge |
| Inessive: | naparnikəʃte |
| Illative: | naparnikəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | naparnikeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | naparnikem |
| 2SG: | naparniket |
| 3SG: | naparnikʃe |
| 1PL: | naparnikna |
| 2PL: | naparnikda |
| 3PL: | naparnikəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | naparnik-βlak |
| Plural (2): | naparnik-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | naparnikla |
| Sociative Plural: | naparnikmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | naparnikem | naparnik-βlak | naparnik-βlakem, naparnikem-βlak |
| Genitive: | naparnikemən | naparnik-βlakən | naparnik-βlakemən, naparnikem-βlakən |
| Dative: | naparnikemlan, naparniklanem | naparnik-βlaklan | naparnik-βlakemlan, naparnikem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | naparnikeməm | naparnik-βlakəm | naparnik-βlakeməm, naparnikem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | naparnikemla, naparniklam | naparnik-βlakla | naparnik-βlakemla, naparnikem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | naparnikemge | naparnik-βlakge | naparnik-βlakemge, naparnikem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | naparnikəʃtem | naparnik-βlakəʃte | naparnik-βlakəʃtem, naparnikem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | naparnikəʃkem | naparnik-βlakəʃ(ke) | naparnik-βlakəʃkem, naparnikem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | naparnikeʃem | naparnik-βlakeʃ | naparnik-βlakeʃem, naparnikem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||