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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | nač́al'stβe |
| Genitive: | nač́al'stβə̑n |
| Dative: | nač́al'stβə̑lan |
| Accusative: | nač́al'stβə̑m |
| Comparative: | nač́al'stβə̑la |
| Comitative: | nač́al'stβə̑ge |
| Inessive: | nač́al'stβə̑šte |
| Illative: | nač́al'stβə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | nač́al'stβeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | nač́al'stβem |
| 2SG: | nač́al'stβet |
| 3SG: | nač́al'stβə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | nač́al'stβə̑na |
| 2PL: | nač́al'stβə̑da |
| 3PL: | nač́al'stβə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | nač́al'stβe-βlak |
| Plural (2): | nač́al'stβe-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | nač́al'stβə̑la |
| Sociative Plural: | nač́al'stβə̑mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | nač́al'stβem | nač́al'stβe-βlak | nač́al'stβe-βlakem, nač́al'stβem-βlak |
| Genitive: | nač́al'stβemə̑n | nač́al'stβe-βlakə̑n | nač́al'stβe-βlakemə̑n, nač́al'stβem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | nač́al'stβemlan, nač́al'stβə̑lanem | nač́al'stβe-βlaklan | nač́al'stβe-βlakemlan, nač́al'stβem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | nač́al'stβemə̑m | nač́al'stβe-βlakə̑m | nač́al'stβe-βlakemə̑m, nač́al'stβem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | nač́al'stβemla, nač́al'stβə̑lam | nač́al'stβe-βlakla | nač́al'stβe-βlakemla, nač́al'stβem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | nač́al'stβemge | nač́al'stβe-βlakge | nač́al'stβe-βlakemge, nač́al'stβem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | nač́al'stβə̑štem | nač́al'stβe-βlakə̑šte | nač́al'stβe-βlakə̑štem, nač́al'stβem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | nač́al'stβə̑škem | nač́al'stβe-βlakə̑š(ke) | nač́al'stβe-βlakə̑škem, nač́al'stβem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | nač́al'stβešem | nač́al'stβe-βlakeš | nač́al'stβe-βlakešem, nač́al'stβem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||