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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | oʃpoŋgo |
| Genitive: | oʃpoŋgən |
| Dative: | oʃpoŋgəlan |
| Accusative: | oʃpoŋgəm |
| Comparative: | oʃpoŋgəla |
| Comitative: | oʃpoŋgəge |
| Inessive: | oʃpoŋgəʃto |
| Illative: | oʃpoŋgəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | oʃpoŋgeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | oʃpoŋgem |
| 2SG: | oʃpoŋget |
| 3SG: | oʃpoŋgəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | oʃpoŋgəna |
| 2PL: | oʃpoŋgəda |
| 3PL: | oʃpoŋgəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | oʃpoŋgo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | oʃpoŋgo-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | oʃpoŋgəla |
| Sociative Plural: | oʃpoŋgəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | oʃpoŋgem | oʃpoŋgo-βlak | oʃpoŋgo-βlakem, oʃpoŋgem-βlak |
| Genitive: | oʃpoŋgemən | oʃpoŋgo-βlakən | oʃpoŋgo-βlakemən, oʃpoŋgem-βlakən |
| Dative: | oʃpoŋgemlan, oʃpoŋgəlanem | oʃpoŋgo-βlaklan | oʃpoŋgo-βlakemlan, oʃpoŋgem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | oʃpoŋgeməm | oʃpoŋgo-βlakəm | oʃpoŋgo-βlakeməm, oʃpoŋgem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | oʃpoŋgemla, oʃpoŋgəlam | oʃpoŋgo-βlakla | oʃpoŋgo-βlakemla, oʃpoŋgem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | oʃpoŋgemge | oʃpoŋgo-βlakge | oʃpoŋgo-βlakemge, oʃpoŋgem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | oʃpoŋgəʃtem | oʃpoŋgo-βlakəʃte | oʃpoŋgo-βlakəʃtem, oʃpoŋgem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | oʃpoŋgəʃkem | oʃpoŋgo-βlakəʃ(ke) | oʃpoŋgo-βlakəʃkem, oʃpoŋgem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | oʃpoŋgeʃem | oʃpoŋgo-βlakeʃ | oʃpoŋgo-βlakeʃem, oʃpoŋgem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||