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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | papšə̑l |
Genitive: | papšə̑lə̑n |
Dative: | papšə̑llan |
Accusative: | papšə̑lə̑m |
Comparative: | papšə̑lla |
Comitative: | papšə̑lge |
Inessive: | papšə̑lə̑šte |
Illative: | papšə̑lə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | papšə̑leš |
1SG: | papšə̑lem |
2SG: | papšə̑let |
3SG: | papšə̑lže |
1PL: | papšə̑lna |
2PL: | papšə̑lda |
3PL: | papšə̑lə̑št |
Plural (1): | papšə̑l-βlak |
Plural (2): | papšə̑l-šamə̑č́ |
Short Plural: | papšə̑lla |
Sociative Plural: | papšə̑lmə̑t |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | papšə̑lem | papšə̑l-βlak | papšə̑l-βlakem, papšə̑lem-βlak |
Genitive: | papšə̑lemə̑n | papšə̑l-βlakə̑n | papšə̑l-βlakemə̑n, papšə̑lem-βlakə̑n |
Dative: | papšə̑lemlan, papšə̑llanem | papšə̑l-βlaklan | papšə̑l-βlakemlan, papšə̑lem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | papšə̑lemə̑m | papšə̑l-βlakə̑m | papšə̑l-βlakemə̑m, papšə̑lem-βlakə̑m |
Comparative: | papšə̑lemla, papšə̑llam | papšə̑l-βlakla | papšə̑l-βlakemla, papšə̑lem-βlakla |
Comitative: | papšə̑lemge | papšə̑l-βlakge | papšə̑l-βlakemge, papšə̑lem-βlakge |
Inessive: | papšə̑lə̑štem | papšə̑l-βlakə̑šte | papšə̑l-βlakə̑štem, papšə̑lem-βlakə̑šte |
Illative: | papšə̑lə̑škem | papšə̑l-βlakə̑š(ke) | papšə̑l-βlakə̑škem, papšə̑lem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | papšə̑lešem | papšə̑l-βlakeš | papšə̑l-βlakešem, papšə̑lem-βlakeš |
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Last update: 10 August 2023 |