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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | piśma |
| Genitive: | piśman |
| Dative: | piśmalan |
| Accusative: | piśmam |
| Comparative: | piśmala |
| Comitative: | piśmage |
| Inessive: | piśmaʃte |
| Illative: | piśmaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | piśmaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | piśmam |
| 2SG: | piśmat |
| 3SG: | piśmaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | piśmana |
| 2PL: | piśmada |
| 3PL: | piśmaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | piśma-βlak |
| Plural (2): | piśma-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | piśmala |
| Sociative Plural: | piśmamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | piśmam | piśma-βlak | piśma-βlakem, piśmam-βlak |
| Genitive: | piśmamən | piśma-βlakən | piśma-βlakemən, piśmam-βlakən |
| Dative: | piśmamlan, piśmalanem | piśma-βlaklan | piśma-βlakemlan, piśmam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | piśmaməm | piśma-βlakəm | piśma-βlakeməm, piśmam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | piśmamla, piśmalam | piśma-βlakla | piśma-βlakemla, piśmam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | piśmamge | piśma-βlakge | piśma-βlakemge, piśmam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | piśmaʃtem | piśma-βlakəʃte | piśma-βlakəʃtem, piśmam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | piśmaʃkem | piśma-βlakəʃ(ke) | piśma-βlakəʃkem, piśmam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | piśmaʃem | piśma-βlakeʃ | piśma-βlakeʃem, piśmam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||