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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | ponaran |
| Genitive: | ponaranən |
| Dative: | ponaranlan |
| Accusative: | ponaranəm |
| Comparative: | ponaranla |
| Comitative: | ponarange |
| Inessive: | ponaranəʃte |
| Illative: | ponaranəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | ponaraneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | ponaranem |
| 2SG: | ponaranet |
| 3SG: | ponaranʒe |
| 1PL: | ponaranːa |
| 2PL: | ponaranda |
| 3PL: | ponaranəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | ponaran-βlak |
| Plural (2): | ponaran-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | ponaranla |
| Sociative Plural: | ponaranmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | ponaranem | ponaran-βlak | ponaran-βlakem, ponaranem-βlak |
| Genitive: | ponaranemən | ponaran-βlakən | ponaran-βlakemən, ponaranem-βlakən |
| Dative: | ponaranemlan, ponaranlanem | ponaran-βlaklan | ponaran-βlakemlan, ponaranem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | ponaraneməm | ponaran-βlakəm | ponaran-βlakeməm, ponaranem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | ponaranemla, ponaranlam | ponaran-βlakla | ponaran-βlakemla, ponaranem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | ponaranemge | ponaran-βlakge | ponaran-βlakemge, ponaranem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | ponaranəʃtem | ponaran-βlakəʃte | ponaran-βlakəʃtem, ponaranem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | ponaranəʃkem | ponaran-βlakəʃ(ke) | ponaran-βlakəʃkem, ponaranem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | ponaraneʃem | ponaran-βlakeʃ | ponaran-βlakeʃem, ponaranem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||