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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | punangopʃaŋge |
| Genitive: | punangopʃaŋgən |
| Dative: | punangopʃaŋgəlan |
| Accusative: | punangopʃaŋgəm |
| Comparative: | punangopʃaŋgəla |
| Comitative: | punangopʃaŋgəge |
| Inessive: | punangopʃaŋgəʃte |
| Illative: | punangopʃaŋgəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | punangopʃaŋgeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | punangopʃaŋgem |
| 2SG: | punangopʃaŋget |
| 3SG: | punangopʃaŋgəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | punangopʃaŋgəna |
| 2PL: | punangopʃaŋgəda |
| 3PL: | punangopʃaŋgəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | punangopʃaŋge-βlak |
| Plural (2): | punangopʃaŋge-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | punangopʃaŋgəla |
| Sociative Plural: | punangopʃaŋgəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | punangopʃaŋgem | punangopʃaŋge-βlak | punangopʃaŋge-βlakem, punangopʃaŋgem-βlak |
| Genitive: | punangopʃaŋgemən | punangopʃaŋge-βlakən | punangopʃaŋge-βlakemən, punangopʃaŋgem-βlakən |
| Dative: | punangopʃaŋgemlan, punangopʃaŋgəlanem | punangopʃaŋge-βlaklan | punangopʃaŋge-βlakemlan, punangopʃaŋgem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | punangopʃaŋgeməm | punangopʃaŋge-βlakəm | punangopʃaŋge-βlakeməm, punangopʃaŋgem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | punangopʃaŋgemla, punangopʃaŋgəlam | punangopʃaŋge-βlakla | punangopʃaŋge-βlakemla, punangopʃaŋgem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | punangopʃaŋgemge | punangopʃaŋge-βlakge | punangopʃaŋge-βlakemge, punangopʃaŋgem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | punangopʃaŋgəʃtem | punangopʃaŋge-βlakəʃte | punangopʃaŋge-βlakəʃtem, punangopʃaŋgem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | punangopʃaŋgəʃkem | punangopʃaŋge-βlakəʃ(ke) | punangopʃaŋge-βlakəʃkem, punangopʃaŋgem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | punangopʃaŋgeʃem | punangopʃaŋge-βlakeʃ | punangopʃaŋge-βlakeʃem, punangopʃaŋgem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||