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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | punjə̑lme |
Genitive: | punjə̑lmen |
Dative: | punjə̑lmelan |
Accusative: | punjə̑lmem |
Comparative: | punjə̑lmela |
Comitative: | punjə̑lmege |
Inessive: | punjə̑lmešte |
Illative: | punjə̑lmeš(ke) |
Lative: | punjə̑lmeš |
1SG: | punjə̑lmem |
2SG: | punjə̑lmet |
3SG: | punjə̑lmež(e) |
1PL: | punjə̑lmena |
2PL: | punjə̑lmeda |
3PL: | punjə̑lmešt |
Plural (1): | punjə̑lme-βlak |
Plural (2): | punjə̑lme-šamə̑č́ |
Short Plural: | punjə̑lmela |
Sociative Plural: | punjə̑lmemə̑t |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | punjə̑lmem | punjə̑lme-βlak | punjə̑lme-βlakem, punjə̑lmem-βlak |
Genitive: | punjə̑lmemə̑n | punjə̑lme-βlakə̑n | punjə̑lme-βlakemə̑n, punjə̑lmem-βlakə̑n |
Dative: | punjə̑lmemlan, punjə̑lmelanem | punjə̑lme-βlaklan | punjə̑lme-βlakemlan, punjə̑lmem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | punjə̑lmemə̑m | punjə̑lme-βlakə̑m | punjə̑lme-βlakemə̑m, punjə̑lmem-βlakə̑m |
Comparative: | punjə̑lmemla, punjə̑lmelam | punjə̑lme-βlakla | punjə̑lme-βlakemla, punjə̑lmem-βlakla |
Comitative: | punjə̑lmemge | punjə̑lme-βlakge | punjə̑lme-βlakemge, punjə̑lmem-βlakge |
Inessive: | punjə̑lmeštem | punjə̑lme-βlakə̑šte | punjə̑lme-βlakə̑štem, punjə̑lmem-βlakə̑šte |
Illative: | punjə̑lmeškem | punjə̑lme-βlakə̑š(ke) | punjə̑lme-βlakə̑škem, punjə̑lmem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | punjə̑lmešem | punjə̑lme-βlakeš | punjə̑lme-βlakešem, punjə̑lmem-βlakeš |
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Last update: 10 August 2023 |