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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | punjyr |
| Genitive: | punjyrən |
| Dative: | punjyrlan |
| Accusative: | punjyrəm |
| Comparative: | punjyrla |
| Comitative: | punjyrge |
| Inessive: | punjyrəʃtø |
| Illative: | punjyrəʃ(kø) |
| Lative: | punjyreʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | punjyrem |
| 2SG: | punjyret |
| 3SG: | punjyrʒø |
| 1PL: | punjyrna |
| 2PL: | punjyrda |
| 3PL: | punjyrəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | punjyr-βlak |
| Plural (2): | punjyr-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | punjyrla |
| Sociative Plural: | punjyrmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | punjyrem | punjyr-βlak | punjyr-βlakem, punjyrem-βlak |
| Genitive: | punjyremən | punjyr-βlakən | punjyr-βlakemən, punjyrem-βlakən |
| Dative: | punjyremlan, punjyrlanem | punjyr-βlaklan | punjyr-βlakemlan, punjyrem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | punjyreməm | punjyr-βlakəm | punjyr-βlakeməm, punjyrem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | punjyremla, punjyrlam | punjyr-βlakla | punjyr-βlakemla, punjyrem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | punjyremge | punjyr-βlakge | punjyr-βlakemge, punjyrem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | punjyrəʃtem | punjyr-βlakəʃte | punjyr-βlakəʃtem, punjyrem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | punjyrəʃkem | punjyr-βlakəʃ(ke) | punjyr-βlakəʃkem, punjyrem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | punjyreʃem | punjyr-βlakeʃ | punjyr-βlakeʃem, punjyrem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||