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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | punəʃkəmaʃ |
| Genitive: | punəʃkəmaʃən |
| Dative: | punəʃkəmaʃlan |
| Accusative: | punəʃkəmaʃəm |
| Comparative: | punəʃkəmaʃla |
| Comitative: | punəʃkəmaʃge |
| Inessive: | punəʃkəmaʃte, punəʃkəmaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | punəʃkəmaʃke, punəʃkəmaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | punəʃkəmaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | punəʃkəmaʃem |
| 2SG: | punəʃkəmaʃet |
| 3SG: | punəʃkəmaʃːe, punəʃkəmaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | punəʃkəmaʃna |
| 2PL: | punəʃkəmaʃda |
| 3PL: | punəʃkəmaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | punəʃkəmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | punəʃkəmaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | punəʃkəmaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | punəʃkəmaʃem | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlak | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakem, punəʃkəmaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | punəʃkəmaʃemən | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakən | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakemən, punəʃkəmaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | punəʃkəmaʃemlan, punəʃkəmaʃlanem | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlaklan | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakemlan, punəʃkəmaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | punəʃkəmaʃeməm | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakəm | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakeməm, punəʃkəmaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | punəʃkəmaʃemla, punəʃkəmaʃlam | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakla | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakemla, punəʃkəmaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | punəʃkəmaʃemge | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakge | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakemge, punəʃkəmaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | punəʃkəmaʃtem, punəʃkəmaʃəʃtem | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakəʃte | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, punəʃkəmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | punəʃkəmaʃkem, punəʃkəmaʃəʃkem | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, punəʃkəmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | punəʃkəmaʃeʃem | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakeʃ | punəʃkəmaʃ-βlakeʃem, punəʃkəmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||