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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | pupaʃa |
| Genitive: | pupaʃan |
| Dative: | pupaʃalan |
| Accusative: | pupaʃam |
| Comparative: | pupaʃala |
| Comitative: | pupaʃage |
| Inessive: | pupaʃaʃte |
| Illative: | pupaʃaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | pupaʃaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | pupaʃam |
| 2SG: | pupaʃat |
| 3SG: | pupaʃaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | pupaʃana |
| 2PL: | pupaʃada |
| 3PL: | pupaʃaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | pupaʃa-βlak |
| Plural (2): | pupaʃa-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | pupaʃala |
| Sociative Plural: | pupaʃamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | pupaʃam | pupaʃa-βlak | pupaʃa-βlakem, pupaʃam-βlak |
| Genitive: | pupaʃamən | pupaʃa-βlakən | pupaʃa-βlakemən, pupaʃam-βlakən |
| Dative: | pupaʃamlan, pupaʃalanem | pupaʃa-βlaklan | pupaʃa-βlakemlan, pupaʃam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | pupaʃaməm | pupaʃa-βlakəm | pupaʃa-βlakeməm, pupaʃam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | pupaʃamla, pupaʃalam | pupaʃa-βlakla | pupaʃa-βlakemla, pupaʃam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | pupaʃamge | pupaʃa-βlakge | pupaʃa-βlakemge, pupaʃam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | pupaʃaʃtem | pupaʃa-βlakəʃte | pupaʃa-βlakəʃtem, pupaʃam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | pupaʃaʃkem | pupaʃa-βlakəʃ(ke) | pupaʃa-βlakəʃkem, pupaʃam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | pupaʃaʃem | pupaʃa-βlakeʃ | pupaʃa-βlakeʃem, pupaʃam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||