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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | punəʃkəʃo |
| Genitive: | punəʃkəʃən |
| Dative: | punəʃkəʃəlan |
| Accusative: | punəʃkəʃəm |
| Comparative: | punəʃkəʃəla |
| Comitative: | punəʃkəʃəge |
| Inessive: | punəʃkəʃəʃto |
| Illative: | punəʃkəʃəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | punəʃkəʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | punəʃkəʃem |
| 2SG: | punəʃkəʃet |
| 3SG: | punəʃkəʃəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | punəʃkəʃəna |
| 2PL: | punəʃkəʃəda |
| 3PL: | punəʃkəʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | punəʃkəʃo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | punəʃkəʃo-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | punəʃkəʃəla |
| Sociative Plural: | punəʃkəʃəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | punəʃkəʃem | punəʃkəʃo-βlak | punəʃkəʃo-βlakem, punəʃkəʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | punəʃkəʃemən | punəʃkəʃo-βlakən | punəʃkəʃo-βlakemən, punəʃkəʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | punəʃkəʃemlan, punəʃkəʃəlanem | punəʃkəʃo-βlaklan | punəʃkəʃo-βlakemlan, punəʃkəʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | punəʃkəʃeməm | punəʃkəʃo-βlakəm | punəʃkəʃo-βlakeməm, punəʃkəʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | punəʃkəʃemla, punəʃkəʃəlam | punəʃkəʃo-βlakla | punəʃkəʃo-βlakemla, punəʃkəʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | punəʃkəʃemge | punəʃkəʃo-βlakge | punəʃkəʃo-βlakemge, punəʃkəʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | punəʃkəʃəʃtem | punəʃkəʃo-βlakəʃte | punəʃkəʃo-βlakəʃtem, punəʃkəʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | punəʃkəʃəʃkem | punəʃkəʃo-βlakəʃ(ke) | punəʃkəʃo-βlakəʃkem, punəʃkəʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | punəʃkəʃeʃem | punəʃkəʃo-βlakeʃ | punəʃkəʃo-βlakeʃem, punəʃkəʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||