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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | refren |
| Genitive: | refrenən |
| Dative: | refrenlan |
| Accusative: | refrenəm |
| Comparative: | refrenla |
| Comitative: | refrenge |
| Inessive: | refrenəʃte |
| Illative: | refrenəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | refreneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | refrenem |
| 2SG: | refrenet |
| 3SG: | refrenʒe |
| 1PL: | refrenːa |
| 2PL: | refrenda |
| 3PL: | refrenəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | refren-βlak |
| Plural (2): | refren-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | refrenla |
| Sociative Plural: | refrenmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | refrenem | refren-βlak | refren-βlakem, refrenem-βlak |
| Genitive: | refrenemən | refren-βlakən | refren-βlakemən, refrenem-βlakən |
| Dative: | refrenemlan, refrenlanem | refren-βlaklan | refren-βlakemlan, refrenem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | refreneməm | refren-βlakəm | refren-βlakeməm, refrenem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | refrenemla, refrenlam | refren-βlakla | refren-βlakemla, refrenem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | refrenemge | refren-βlakge | refren-βlakemge, refrenem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | refrenəʃtem | refren-βlakəʃte | refren-βlakəʃtem, refrenem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | refrenəʃkem | refren-βlakəʃ(ke) | refren-βlakəʃkem, refrenem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | refreneʃem | refren-βlakeʃ | refren-βlakeʃem, refrenem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||