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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | ruga |
| Genitive: | rugan |
| Dative: | rugalan |
| Accusative: | rugam |
| Comparative: | rugala |
| Comitative: | rugage |
| Inessive: | rugašte |
| Illative: | rugaš(ke) |
| Lative: | rugaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | rugam |
| 2SG: | rugat |
| 3SG: | rugaž(e) |
| 1PL: | rugana |
| 2PL: | rugada |
| 3PL: | rugašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | ruga-βlak |
| Plural (2): | ruga-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | rugala |
| Sociative Plural: | rugamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | rugam | ruga-βlak | ruga-βlakem, rugam-βlak |
| Genitive: | rugamə̑n | ruga-βlakə̑n | ruga-βlakemə̑n, rugam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | rugamlan, rugalanem | ruga-βlaklan | ruga-βlakemlan, rugam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | rugamə̑m | ruga-βlakə̑m | ruga-βlakemə̑m, rugam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | rugamla, rugalam | ruga-βlakla | ruga-βlakemla, rugam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | rugamge | ruga-βlakge | ruga-βlakemge, rugam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | rugaštem | ruga-βlakə̑šte | ruga-βlakə̑štem, rugam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | rugaškem | ruga-βlakə̑š(ke) | ruga-βlakə̑škem, rugam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | rugašem | ruga-βlakeš | ruga-βlakešem, rugam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||