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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | ruga |
| Genitive: | rugan |
| Dative: | rugalan |
| Accusative: | rugam |
| Comparative: | rugala |
| Comitative: | rugage |
| Inessive: | rugaʃte |
| Illative: | rugaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | rugaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | rugam |
| 2SG: | rugat |
| 3SG: | rugaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | rugana |
| 2PL: | rugada |
| 3PL: | rugaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | ruga-βlak |
| Plural (2): | ruga-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | rugala |
| Sociative Plural: | rugamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | rugam | ruga-βlak | ruga-βlakem, rugam-βlak |
| Genitive: | rugamən | ruga-βlakən | ruga-βlakemən, rugam-βlakən |
| Dative: | rugamlan, rugalanem | ruga-βlaklan | ruga-βlakemlan, rugam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | rugaməm | ruga-βlakəm | ruga-βlakeməm, rugam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | rugamla, rugalam | ruga-βlakla | ruga-βlakemla, rugam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | rugamge | ruga-βlakge | ruga-βlakemge, rugam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | rugaʃtem | ruga-βlakəʃte | ruga-βlakəʃtem, rugam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | rugaʃkem | ruga-βlakəʃ(ke) | ruga-βlakəʃkem, rugam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | rugaʃem | ruga-βlakeʃ | ruga-βlakeʃem, rugam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||