Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ● Nominal ○ Verb ○ Postposition
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ○ UPA ● IPA

You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.


Case Suffixes

Nominative:ruem
Genitive:ruemən
Dative:ruemlan
Accusative:rueməm
Comparative:ruemla
Comitative:ruemge
Inessive:rueməʃte
Illative:rueməʃ(ke)
Lative:ruemeʃ

Possessive Suffixes

1SG:ruemem
2SG:ruemet
3SG:ruemʒe
1PL:ruemna
2PL:ruemda
3PL:rueməʃt

Number Suffixes

Plural (1):ruem-βlak
Plural (2):ruem-ʃamət͡ɕ
Short Plural:ruemla
Sociative Plural:ruemːət

Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)

For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.

CaseCx + PxCx + NxCx + Px + Nx
Nominative:ruememruem-βlakruem-βlakem,
ruemem-βlak
Genitive:ruememənruem-βlakənruem-βlakemən,
ruemem-βlakən
Dative:ruememlan,
ruemlanem
ruem-βlaklanruem-βlakemlan,
ruemem-βlaklan
Accusative:ruememəmruem-βlakəmruem-βlakeməm,
ruemem-βlakəm
Comparative:ruememla,
ruemlam
ruem-βlaklaruem-βlakemla,
ruemem-βlakla
Comitative:ruememgeruem-βlakgeruem-βlakemge,
ruemem-βlakge
Inessive:rueməʃtemruem-βlakəʃteruem-βlakəʃtem,
ruemem-βlakəʃte
Illative:rueməʃkemruem-βlakəʃ(ke)ruem-βlakəʃkem,
ruemem-βlakəʃ(ke)
Lative:ruemeʃemruem-βlakeʃruem-βlakeʃem,
ruemem-βlakeʃ


Last update: 10 August 2023