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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | sap |
| Genitive: | sapə̑n |
| Dative: | saplan |
| Accusative: | sapə̑m |
| Comparative: | sapla |
| Comitative: | sapge |
| Inessive: | sapə̑šte |
| Illative: | sapə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | sapeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | sapem |
| 2SG: | sapet |
| 3SG: | sapše |
| 1PL: | sapna |
| 2PL: | sapda |
| 3PL: | sapə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | sap-βlak |
| Plural (2): | sap-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | sapla |
| Sociative Plural: | sapmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | sapem | sap-βlak | sap-βlakem, sapem-βlak |
| Genitive: | sapemə̑n | sap-βlakə̑n | sap-βlakemə̑n, sapem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | sapemlan, saplanem | sap-βlaklan | sap-βlakemlan, sapem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | sapemə̑m | sap-βlakə̑m | sap-βlakemə̑m, sapem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | sapemla, saplam | sap-βlakla | sap-βlakemla, sapem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | sapemge | sap-βlakge | sap-βlakemge, sapem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | sapə̑štem | sap-βlakə̑šte | sap-βlakə̑štem, sapem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | sapə̑škem | sap-βlakə̑š(ke) | sap-βlakə̑škem, sapem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | sapešem | sap-βlakeš | sap-βlakešem, sapem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||