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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | sapkerem |
| Genitive: | sapkeremə̑n |
| Dative: | sapkeremlan |
| Accusative: | sapkeremə̑m |
| Comparative: | sapkeremla |
| Comitative: | sapkeremge |
| Inessive: | sapkeremə̑šte |
| Illative: | sapkeremə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | sapkeremeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | sapkeremem |
| 2SG: | sapkeremet |
| 3SG: | sapkeremže |
| 1PL: | sapkeremna |
| 2PL: | sapkeremda |
| 3PL: | sapkeremə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | sapkerem-βlak |
| Plural (2): | sapkerem-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | sapkeremla |
| Sociative Plural: | sapkeremmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | sapkeremem | sapkerem-βlak | sapkerem-βlakem, sapkeremem-βlak |
| Genitive: | sapkerememə̑n | sapkerem-βlakə̑n | sapkerem-βlakemə̑n, sapkeremem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | sapkerememlan, sapkeremlanem | sapkerem-βlaklan | sapkerem-βlakemlan, sapkeremem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | sapkerememə̑m | sapkerem-βlakə̑m | sapkerem-βlakemə̑m, sapkeremem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | sapkerememla, sapkeremlam | sapkerem-βlakla | sapkerem-βlakemla, sapkeremem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | sapkerememge | sapkerem-βlakge | sapkerem-βlakemge, sapkeremem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | sapkeremə̑štem | sapkerem-βlakə̑šte | sapkerem-βlakə̑štem, sapkeremem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | sapkeremə̑škem | sapkerem-βlakə̑š(ke) | sapkerem-βlakə̑škem, sapkeremem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | sapkeremešem | sapkerem-βlakeš | sapkerem-βlakešem, sapkeremem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||