Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkerem | om sapkere |
| 2SG: | sapkeret | ot sapkere |
| 3SG: | sapkera | ok/ogeš sapkere |
| 1PL: | sapkerena | ona/ogə̑na sapkere |
| 2PL: | sapkereda | oda/ogə̑da sapkere |
| 3PL: | sapkerat | ogə̑t sapkere |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkerə̑šə̑m | šə̑m sapkere |
| 2SG: | sapkerə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ sapkere |
| 3SG: | sapkerə̑š | ə̑š sapkere |
| 1PL: | sapkerə̑šna | ə̑šna sapkere |
| 2PL: | sapkerə̑šda | ə̑šda sapkere |
| 3PL: | sapkerə̑št | ə̑št sapkere |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkerenam | sapkeren omə̑l |
| 2SG: | sapkerenat | sapkeren otə̑l |
| 3SG: | sapkeren | sapkeren ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | sapkerenna | sapkeren onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | sapkerenda | sapkeren odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | sapkerenə̑t | sapkeren ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkerem ə̑l'e | om sapkere ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapkeret ə̑l'e | ot sapkere ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapkera ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš sapkere ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapkerena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na sapkere ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapkereda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da sapkere ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapkerat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t sapkere ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkerem ulmaš | om sapkere ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapkeret ulmaš | ot sapkere ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapkera ulmaš | ok/ogeš sapkere ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapkerena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na sapkere ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapkereda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da sapkere ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapkerat ulmaš | ogə̑t sapkere ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkerenam ə̑l'e | sapkeren omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapkerenat ə̑l'e | sapkeren otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapkeren ə̑l'e | sapkeren ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapkerenna ə̑l'e | sapkeren onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapkerenda ə̑l'e | sapkeren odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapkeren ə̑l'e | sapkeren ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkerenam ulmaš | sapkeren omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapkerenat ulmaš | sapkeren otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapkeren ulmaš | sapkeren ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapkerenna ulmaš | sapkeren onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapkerenda ulmaš | sapkeren odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapkeren ulmaš | sapkeren ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapkere | it sapkere |
| 3SG: | sapkerə̑že | ə̑nže sapkere |
| 1PL: | (sapkerena) | (ona/ogə̑na sapkere) |
| 2PL: | sapkerə̑za | ida sapkere |
| 3PL: | sapkerə̑št | ə̑nə̑št sapkere |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkerə̑nem | ə̑nem sapkere |
| 2SG: | sapkerə̑net | ə̑net sapkere |
| 3SG: | sapkerə̑neže | ə̑než sapkere |
| 1PL: | sapkerə̑nena | ə̑nena sapkere |
| 2PL: | sapkerə̑neda | ə̑neda sapkere |
| 3PL: | sapkerə̑nešt | ə̑nešt sapkere |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkerə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem sapkere ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapkerə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net sapkere ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapkerə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než sapkere ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapkerə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena sapkere ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapkerə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda sapkere ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapkerə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt sapkere ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapkerə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net sapkere ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapkerə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než sapkere ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sapkerə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda sapkere ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapkerə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt sapkere ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sapkeraš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sapkerə̑man |
| Active participle: | sapkerə̑še |
| Passive participle: | sapkerə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sapkerə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | sapkerə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sapkeren |
| Negative gerund: | sapkerə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | sapkerə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sapkerə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sapkerə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | sapkerə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | sapkerə̑də̑maš |
