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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | sapnaltə̑šan |
| Genitive: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑n |
| Dative: | sapnaltə̑šanlan |
| Accusative: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑m |
| Comparative: | sapnaltə̑šanla |
| Comitative: | sapnaltə̑šange |
| Inessive: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑šte |
| Illative: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | sapnaltə̑šaneš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | sapnaltə̑šanem |
| 2SG: | sapnaltə̑šanet |
| 3SG: | sapnaltə̑šanže |
| 1PL: | sapnaltə̑šanna |
| 2PL: | sapnaltə̑šanda |
| 3PL: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | sapnaltə̑šan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | sapnaltə̑šan-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | sapnaltə̑šanla |
| Sociative Plural: | sapnaltə̑šanmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | sapnaltə̑šanem | sapnaltə̑šan-βlak | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakem, sapnaltə̑šanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | sapnaltə̑šanemə̑n | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakə̑n | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakemə̑n, sapnaltə̑šanem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | sapnaltə̑šanemlan, sapnaltə̑šanlanem | sapnaltə̑šan-βlaklan | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakemlan, sapnaltə̑šanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | sapnaltə̑šanemə̑m | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakə̑m | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakemə̑m, sapnaltə̑šanem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | sapnaltə̑šanemla, sapnaltə̑šanlam | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakla | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakemla, sapnaltə̑šanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | sapnaltə̑šanemge | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakge | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakemge, sapnaltə̑šanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑štem | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakə̑šte | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakə̑štem, sapnaltə̑šanem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑škem | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakə̑š(ke) | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakə̑škem, sapnaltə̑šanem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | sapnaltə̑šanešem | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakeš | sapnaltə̑šan-βlakešem, sapnaltə̑šanem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||