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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | sapnaltəʃan |
| Genitive: | sapnaltəʃanən |
| Dative: | sapnaltəʃanlan |
| Accusative: | sapnaltəʃanəm |
| Comparative: | sapnaltəʃanla |
| Comitative: | sapnaltəʃange |
| Inessive: | sapnaltəʃanəʃte |
| Illative: | sapnaltəʃanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | sapnaltəʃaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | sapnaltəʃanem |
| 2SG: | sapnaltəʃanet |
| 3SG: | sapnaltəʃanʒe |
| 1PL: | sapnaltəʃanːa |
| 2PL: | sapnaltəʃanda |
| 3PL: | sapnaltəʃanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | sapnaltəʃan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | sapnaltəʃan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | sapnaltəʃanla |
| Sociative Plural: | sapnaltəʃanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | sapnaltəʃanem | sapnaltəʃan-βlak | sapnaltəʃan-βlakem, sapnaltəʃanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | sapnaltəʃanemən | sapnaltəʃan-βlakən | sapnaltəʃan-βlakemən, sapnaltəʃanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | sapnaltəʃanemlan, sapnaltəʃanlanem | sapnaltəʃan-βlaklan | sapnaltəʃan-βlakemlan, sapnaltəʃanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | sapnaltəʃaneməm | sapnaltəʃan-βlakəm | sapnaltəʃan-βlakeməm, sapnaltəʃanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | sapnaltəʃanemla, sapnaltəʃanlam | sapnaltəʃan-βlakla | sapnaltəʃan-βlakemla, sapnaltəʃanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | sapnaltəʃanemge | sapnaltəʃan-βlakge | sapnaltəʃan-βlakemge, sapnaltəʃanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | sapnaltəʃanəʃtem | sapnaltəʃan-βlakəʃte | sapnaltəʃan-βlakəʃtem, sapnaltəʃanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | sapnaltəʃanəʃkem | sapnaltəʃan-βlakəʃ(ke) | sapnaltəʃan-βlakəʃkem, sapnaltəʃanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | sapnaltəʃaneʃem | sapnaltəʃan-βlakeʃ | sapnaltəʃan-βlakeʃem, sapnaltəʃanem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||