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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | sapnaltəʃ |
| Genitive: | sapnaltəʃən |
| Dative: | sapnaltəʃlan |
| Accusative: | sapnaltəʃəm |
| Comparative: | sapnaltəʃla |
| Comitative: | sapnaltəʃge |
| Inessive: | sapnaltəʃte, sapnaltəʃəʃte |
| Illative: | sapnaltəʃke, sapnaltəʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | sapnaltəʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | sapnaltəʃem |
| 2SG: | sapnaltəʃet |
| 3SG: | sapnaltəʃːe, sapnaltəʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | sapnaltəʃna |
| 2PL: | sapnaltəʃda |
| 3PL: | sapnaltəʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | sapnaltəʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | sapnaltəʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | sapnaltəʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | sapnaltəʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | sapnaltəʃem | sapnaltəʃ-βlak | sapnaltəʃ-βlakem, sapnaltəʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | sapnaltəʃemən | sapnaltəʃ-βlakən | sapnaltəʃ-βlakemən, sapnaltəʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | sapnaltəʃemlan, sapnaltəʃlanem | sapnaltəʃ-βlaklan | sapnaltəʃ-βlakemlan, sapnaltəʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | sapnaltəʃeməm | sapnaltəʃ-βlakəm | sapnaltəʃ-βlakeməm, sapnaltəʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | sapnaltəʃemla, sapnaltəʃlam | sapnaltəʃ-βlakla | sapnaltəʃ-βlakemla, sapnaltəʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | sapnaltəʃemge | sapnaltəʃ-βlakge | sapnaltəʃ-βlakemge, sapnaltəʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | sapnaltəʃtem, sapnaltəʃəʃtem | sapnaltəʃ-βlakəʃte | sapnaltəʃ-βlakəʃtem, sapnaltəʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | sapnaltəʃkem, sapnaltəʃəʃkem | sapnaltəʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | sapnaltəʃ-βlakəʃkem, sapnaltəʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | sapnaltəʃeʃem | sapnaltəʃ-βlakeʃ | sapnaltəʃ-βlakeʃem, sapnaltəʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||