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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | sapnəmaʃ |
| Genitive: | sapnəmaʃən |
| Dative: | sapnəmaʃlan |
| Accusative: | sapnəmaʃəm |
| Comparative: | sapnəmaʃla |
| Comitative: | sapnəmaʃge |
| Inessive: | sapnəmaʃte, sapnəmaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | sapnəmaʃke, sapnəmaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | sapnəmaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | sapnəmaʃem |
| 2SG: | sapnəmaʃet |
| 3SG: | sapnəmaʃːe, sapnəmaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | sapnəmaʃna |
| 2PL: | sapnəmaʃda |
| 3PL: | sapnəmaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | sapnəmaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | sapnəmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | sapnəmaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | sapnəmaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | sapnəmaʃem | sapnəmaʃ-βlak | sapnəmaʃ-βlakem, sapnəmaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | sapnəmaʃemən | sapnəmaʃ-βlakən | sapnəmaʃ-βlakemən, sapnəmaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | sapnəmaʃemlan, sapnəmaʃlanem | sapnəmaʃ-βlaklan | sapnəmaʃ-βlakemlan, sapnəmaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | sapnəmaʃeməm | sapnəmaʃ-βlakəm | sapnəmaʃ-βlakeməm, sapnəmaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | sapnəmaʃemla, sapnəmaʃlam | sapnəmaʃ-βlakla | sapnəmaʃ-βlakemla, sapnəmaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | sapnəmaʃemge | sapnəmaʃ-βlakge | sapnəmaʃ-βlakemge, sapnəmaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | sapnəmaʃtem, sapnəmaʃəʃtem | sapnəmaʃ-βlakəʃte | sapnəmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, sapnəmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | sapnəmaʃkem, sapnəmaʃəʃkem | sapnəmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | sapnəmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, sapnəmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | sapnəmaʃeʃem | sapnəmaʃ-βlakeʃ | sapnəmaʃ-βlakeʃem, sapnəmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||