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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | spirt |
| Genitive: | spirtən |
| Dative: | spirtlan |
| Accusative: | spirtəm |
| Comparative: | spirtla |
| Comitative: | spirtge |
| Inessive: | spirtəʃte |
| Illative: | spirtəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | spirteʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | spirtem |
| 2SG: | spirtet |
| 3SG: | spirtʃe |
| 1PL: | spirtna |
| 2PL: | spirtda |
| 3PL: | spirtəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | spirt-βlak |
| Plural (2): | spirt-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | spirtla |
| Sociative Plural: | spirtmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | spirtem | spirt-βlak | spirt-βlakem, spirtem-βlak |
| Genitive: | spirtemən | spirt-βlakən | spirt-βlakemən, spirtem-βlakən |
| Dative: | spirtemlan, spirtlanem | spirt-βlaklan | spirt-βlakemlan, spirtem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | spirteməm | spirt-βlakəm | spirt-βlakeməm, spirtem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | spirtemla, spirtlam | spirt-βlakla | spirt-βlakemla, spirtem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | spirtemge | spirt-βlakge | spirt-βlakemge, spirtem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | spirtəʃtem | spirt-βlakəʃte | spirt-βlakəʃtem, spirtem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | spirtəʃkem | spirt-βlakəʃ(ke) | spirt-βlakəʃkem, spirtem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | spirteʃem | spirt-βlakeʃ | spirt-βlakeʃem, spirtem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||