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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | substantiβ |
| Genitive: | substantiβən |
| Dative: | substantiβlan |
| Accusative: | substantiβəm |
| Comparative: | substantiβla |
| Comitative: | substantiβge |
| Inessive: | substantiβəʃte |
| Illative: | substantiβəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | substantiβeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | substantiβem |
| 2SG: | substantiβet |
| 3SG: | substantiβʃe |
| 1PL: | substantiβna |
| 2PL: | substantiβda |
| 3PL: | substantiβəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | substantiβ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | substantiβ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | substantiβla |
| Sociative Plural: | substantiβmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | substantiβem | substantiβ-βlak | substantiβ-βlakem, substantiβem-βlak |
| Genitive: | substantiβemən | substantiβ-βlakən | substantiβ-βlakemən, substantiβem-βlakən |
| Dative: | substantiβemlan, substantiβlanem | substantiβ-βlaklan | substantiβ-βlakemlan, substantiβem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | substantiβeməm | substantiβ-βlakəm | substantiβ-βlakeməm, substantiβem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | substantiβemla, substantiβlam | substantiβ-βlakla | substantiβ-βlakemla, substantiβem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | substantiβemge | substantiβ-βlakge | substantiβ-βlakemge, substantiβem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | substantiβəʃtem | substantiβ-βlakəʃte | substantiβ-βlakəʃtem, substantiβem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | substantiβəʃkem | substantiβ-βlakəʃ(ke) | substantiβ-βlakəʃkem, substantiβem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | substantiβeʃem | substantiβ-βlakeʃ | substantiβ-βlakeʃem, substantiβem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||