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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | substrat |
| Genitive: | substratə̑n |
| Dative: | substratlan |
| Accusative: | substratə̑m |
| Comparative: | substratla |
| Comitative: | substratge |
| Inessive: | substratə̑šte |
| Illative: | substratə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | substrateš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | substratem |
| 2SG: | substratet |
| 3SG: | substratše |
| 1PL: | substratna |
| 2PL: | substratda |
| 3PL: | substratə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | substrat-βlak |
| Plural (2): | substrat-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | substratla |
| Sociative Plural: | substratmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | substratem | substrat-βlak | substrat-βlakem, substratem-βlak |
| Genitive: | substratemə̑n | substrat-βlakə̑n | substrat-βlakemə̑n, substratem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | substratemlan, substratlanem | substrat-βlaklan | substrat-βlakemlan, substratem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | substratemə̑m | substrat-βlakə̑m | substrat-βlakemə̑m, substratem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | substratemla, substratlam | substrat-βlakla | substrat-βlakemla, substratem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | substratemge | substrat-βlakge | substrat-βlakemge, substratem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | substratə̑štem | substrat-βlakə̑šte | substrat-βlakə̑štem, substratem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | substratə̑škem | substrat-βlakə̑š(ke) | substrat-βlakə̑škem, substratem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | substratešem | substrat-βlakeš | substrat-βlakešem, substratem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||