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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tapnak |
| Genitive: | tapnakən |
| Dative: | tapnaklan |
| Accusative: | tapnakəm |
| Comparative: | tapnakla |
| Comitative: | tapnakge |
| Inessive: | tapnakəʃte |
| Illative: | tapnakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tapnakeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tapnakem |
| 2SG: | tapnaket |
| 3SG: | tapnakʃe |
| 1PL: | tapnakna |
| 2PL: | tapnakda |
| 3PL: | tapnakəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tapnak-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tapnak-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tapnakla |
| Sociative Plural: | tapnakmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tapnakem | tapnak-βlak | tapnak-βlakem, tapnakem-βlak |
| Genitive: | tapnakemən | tapnak-βlakən | tapnak-βlakemən, tapnakem-βlakən |
| Dative: | tapnakemlan, tapnaklanem | tapnak-βlaklan | tapnak-βlakemlan, tapnakem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tapnakeməm | tapnak-βlakəm | tapnak-βlakeməm, tapnakem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tapnakemla, tapnaklam | tapnak-βlakla | tapnak-βlakemla, tapnakem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tapnakemge | tapnak-βlakge | tapnak-βlakemge, tapnakem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tapnakəʃtem | tapnak-βlakəʃte | tapnak-βlakəʃtem, tapnakem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tapnakəʃkem | tapnak-βlakəʃ(ke) | tapnak-βlakəʃkem, tapnakem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tapnakeʃem | tapnak-βlakeʃ | tapnak-βlakeʃem, tapnakem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||