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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toβaran |
| Genitive: | toβaranən |
| Dative: | toβaranlan |
| Accusative: | toβaranəm |
| Comparative: | toβaranla |
| Comitative: | toβarange |
| Inessive: | toβaranəʃte |
| Illative: | toβaranəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toβaraneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toβaranem |
| 2SG: | toβaranet |
| 3SG: | toβaranʒe |
| 1PL: | toβaranːa |
| 2PL: | toβaranda |
| 3PL: | toβaranəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toβaran-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toβaran-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toβaranla |
| Sociative Plural: | toβaranmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toβaranem | toβaran-βlak | toβaran-βlakem, toβaranem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toβaranemən | toβaran-βlakən | toβaran-βlakemən, toβaranem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toβaranemlan, toβaranlanem | toβaran-βlaklan | toβaran-βlakemlan, toβaranem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toβaraneməm | toβaran-βlakəm | toβaran-βlakeməm, toβaranem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toβaranemla, toβaranlam | toβaran-βlakla | toβaran-βlakemla, toβaranem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toβaranemge | toβaran-βlakge | toβaran-βlakemge, toβaranem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toβaranəʃtem | toβaran-βlakəʃte | toβaran-βlakəʃtem, toβaranem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toβaranəʃkem | toβaran-βlakəʃ(ke) | toβaran-βlakəʃkem, toβaranem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toβaraneʃem | toβaran-βlakeʃ | toβaran-βlakeʃem, toβaranem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||