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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toβardoʃ |
| Genitive: | toβardoʃən |
| Dative: | toβardoʃlan |
| Accusative: | toβardoʃəm |
| Comparative: | toβardoʃla |
| Comitative: | toβardoʃge |
| Inessive: | toβardoʃto, toβardoʃəʃto |
| Illative: | toβardoʃko, toβardoʃəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toβardoʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toβardoʃem |
| 2SG: | toβardoʃet |
| 3SG: | toβardoʃːo, toβardoʃəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | toβardoʃna |
| 2PL: | toβardoʃda |
| 3PL: | toβardoʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toβardoʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toβardoʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toβardoʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | toβardoʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toβardoʃem | toβardoʃ-βlak | toβardoʃ-βlakem, toβardoʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toβardoʃemən | toβardoʃ-βlakən | toβardoʃ-βlakemən, toβardoʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toβardoʃemlan, toβardoʃlanem | toβardoʃ-βlaklan | toβardoʃ-βlakemlan, toβardoʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toβardoʃeməm | toβardoʃ-βlakəm | toβardoʃ-βlakeməm, toβardoʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toβardoʃemla, toβardoʃlam | toβardoʃ-βlakla | toβardoʃ-βlakemla, toβardoʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toβardoʃemge | toβardoʃ-βlakge | toβardoʃ-βlakemge, toβardoʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toβardoʃtem, toβardoʃəʃtem | toβardoʃ-βlakəʃte | toβardoʃ-βlakəʃtem, toβardoʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toβardoʃkem, toβardoʃəʃkem | toβardoʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | toβardoʃ-βlakəʃkem, toβardoʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toβardoʃeʃem | toβardoʃ-βlakeʃ | toβardoʃ-βlakeʃem, toβardoʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||