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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | toβaŋmaʃ |
Genitive: | toβaŋmaʃən |
Dative: | toβaŋmaʃlan |
Accusative: | toβaŋmaʃəm |
Comparative: | toβaŋmaʃla |
Comitative: | toβaŋmaʃge |
Inessive: | toβaŋmaʃte, toβaŋmaʃəʃte |
Illative: | toβaŋmaʃke, toβaŋmaʃəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toβaŋmaʃeʃ |
1SG: | toβaŋmaʃem |
2SG: | toβaŋmaʃet |
3SG: | toβaŋmaʃːe, toβaŋmaʃəʒ(e) |
1PL: | toβaŋmaʃna |
2PL: | toβaŋmaʃda |
3PL: | toβaŋmaʃəʃt |
Plural (1): | toβaŋmaʃ-βlak |
Plural (2): | toβaŋmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | toβaŋmaʃla |
Sociative Plural: | toβaŋmaʃmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | toβaŋmaʃem | toβaŋmaʃ-βlak | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakem, toβaŋmaʃem-βlak |
Genitive: | toβaŋmaʃemən | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakən | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakemən, toβaŋmaʃem-βlakən |
Dative: | toβaŋmaʃemlan, toβaŋmaʃlanem | toβaŋmaʃ-βlaklan | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakemlan, toβaŋmaʃem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | toβaŋmaʃeməm | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakəm | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakeməm, toβaŋmaʃem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | toβaŋmaʃemla, toβaŋmaʃlam | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakla | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakemla, toβaŋmaʃem-βlakla |
Comitative: | toβaŋmaʃemge | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakge | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakemge, toβaŋmaʃem-βlakge |
Inessive: | toβaŋmaʃtem, toβaŋmaʃəʃtem | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakəʃte | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, toβaŋmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | toβaŋmaʃkem, toβaŋmaʃəʃkem | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, toβaŋmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toβaŋmaʃeʃem | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakeʃ | toβaŋmaʃ-βlakeʃem, toβaŋmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
Last update: 10 August 2023 |