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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toβart͡ɕe |
| Genitive: | toβart͡ɕən |
| Dative: | toβart͡ɕəlan |
| Accusative: | toβart͡ɕəm |
| Comparative: | toβart͡ɕəla |
| Comitative: | toβart͡ɕəge |
| Inessive: | toβart͡ɕəʃte |
| Illative: | toβart͡ɕəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toβart͡ɕeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toβart͡ɕem |
| 2SG: | toβart͡ɕet |
| 3SG: | toβart͡ɕəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | toβart͡ɕəna |
| 2PL: | toβart͡ɕəda |
| 3PL: | toβart͡ɕəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toβart͡ɕe-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toβart͡ɕe-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toβart͡ɕəla |
| Sociative Plural: | toβart͡ɕəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toβart͡ɕem | toβart͡ɕe-βlak | toβart͡ɕe-βlakem, toβart͡ɕem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toβart͡ɕemən | toβart͡ɕe-βlakən | toβart͡ɕe-βlakemən, toβart͡ɕem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toβart͡ɕemlan, toβart͡ɕəlanem | toβart͡ɕe-βlaklan | toβart͡ɕe-βlakemlan, toβart͡ɕem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toβart͡ɕeməm | toβart͡ɕe-βlakəm | toβart͡ɕe-βlakeməm, toβart͡ɕem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toβart͡ɕemla, toβart͡ɕəlam | toβart͡ɕe-βlakla | toβart͡ɕe-βlakemla, toβart͡ɕem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toβart͡ɕemge | toβart͡ɕe-βlakge | toβart͡ɕe-βlakemge, toβart͡ɕem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toβart͡ɕəʃtem | toβart͡ɕe-βlakəʃte | toβart͡ɕe-βlakəʃtem, toβart͡ɕem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toβart͡ɕəʃkem | toβart͡ɕe-βlakəʃ(ke) | toβart͡ɕe-βlakəʃkem, toβart͡ɕem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toβart͡ɕeʃem | toβart͡ɕe-βlakeʃ | toβart͡ɕe-βlakeʃem, toβart͡ɕem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||