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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toβat |
| Genitive: | toβatən |
| Dative: | toβatlan |
| Accusative: | toβatəm |
| Comparative: | toβatla |
| Comitative: | toβatge |
| Inessive: | toβatəʃte |
| Illative: | toβatəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toβateʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toβatem |
| 2SG: | toβatet |
| 3SG: | toβatʃe |
| 1PL: | toβatna |
| 2PL: | toβatda |
| 3PL: | toβatəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toβat-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toβat-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toβatla |
| Sociative Plural: | toβatmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toβatem | toβat-βlak | toβat-βlakem, toβatem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toβatemən | toβat-βlakən | toβat-βlakemən, toβatem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toβatemlan, toβatlanem | toβat-βlaklan | toβat-βlakemlan, toβatem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toβateməm | toβat-βlakəm | toβat-βlakeməm, toβatem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toβatemla, toβatlam | toβat-βlakla | toβat-βlakemla, toβatem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toβatemge | toβat-βlakge | toβat-βlakemge, toβatem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toβatəʃtem | toβat-βlakəʃte | toβat-βlakəʃtem, toβatem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toβatəʃkem | toβat-βlakəʃ(ke) | toβat-βlakəʃkem, toβatem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toβateʃem | toβat-βlakeʃ | toβat-βlakeʃem, toβatem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||