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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toβaŋdə̑me |
| Genitive: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑n |
| Dative: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑lan |
| Accusative: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑m |
| Comparative: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑la |
| Comitative: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑ge |
| Inessive: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑šte |
| Illative: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toβaŋdə̑meš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toβaŋdə̑mem |
| 2SG: | toβaŋdə̑met |
| 3SG: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑na |
| 2PL: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑da |
| 3PL: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toβaŋdə̑me-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toβaŋdə̑me-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑la |
| Sociative Plural: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toβaŋdə̑mem | toβaŋdə̑me-βlak | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakem, toβaŋdə̑mem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toβaŋdə̑memə̑n | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakə̑n | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakemə̑n, toβaŋdə̑mem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toβaŋdə̑memlan, toβaŋdə̑mə̑lanem | toβaŋdə̑me-βlaklan | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakemlan, toβaŋdə̑mem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toβaŋdə̑memə̑m | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakə̑m | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakemə̑m, toβaŋdə̑mem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toβaŋdə̑memla, toβaŋdə̑mə̑lam | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakla | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakemla, toβaŋdə̑mem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toβaŋdə̑memge | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakge | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakemge, toβaŋdə̑mem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑štem | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakə̑šte | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakə̑štem, toβaŋdə̑mem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toβaŋdə̑mə̑škem | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakə̑š(ke) | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakə̑škem, toβaŋdə̑mem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toβaŋdə̑mešem | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakeš | toβaŋdə̑me-βlakešem, toβaŋdə̑mem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||