Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

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   ● XXX ○ XXX ○ XXX
Орфографий: ○ кириллице ● УФА (UPA) ○ МФА (IPA)

You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.


Case Suffixes

Nominative:toβaŋše
Genitive:toβaŋšə̑n
Dative:toβaŋšə̑lan
Accusative:toβaŋšə̑m
Comparative:toβaŋšə̑la
Comitative:toβaŋšə̑ge
Inessive:toβaŋšə̑šte
Illative:toβaŋšə̑š(ke)
Lative:toβaŋšeš

Possessive Suffixes

1SG:toβaŋšem
2SG:toβaŋšet
3SG:toβaŋšə̑ž(e)
1PL:toβaŋšə̑na
2PL:toβaŋšə̑da
3PL:toβaŋšə̑št

Number Suffixes

Plural (1):toβaŋše-βlak
Plural (2):toβaŋše-šamə̑č́
Short Plural:toβaŋšə̑la
Sociative Plural:toβaŋšə̑mə̑t

Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)

For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.

CaseCx + PxCx + NxCx + Px + Nx
Nominative:toβaŋšemtoβaŋše-βlaktoβaŋše-βlakem,
toβaŋšem-βlak
Genitive:toβaŋšemə̑ntoβaŋše-βlakə̑ntoβaŋše-βlakemə̑n,
toβaŋšem-βlakə̑n
Dative:toβaŋšemlan,
toβaŋšə̑lanem
toβaŋše-βlaklantoβaŋše-βlakemlan,
toβaŋšem-βlaklan
Accusative:toβaŋšemə̑mtoβaŋše-βlakə̑mtoβaŋše-βlakemə̑m,
toβaŋšem-βlakə̑m
Comparative:toβaŋšemla,
toβaŋšə̑lam
toβaŋše-βlaklatoβaŋše-βlakemla,
toβaŋšem-βlakla
Comitative:toβaŋšemgetoβaŋše-βlakgetoβaŋše-βlakemge,
toβaŋšem-βlakge
Inessive:toβaŋšə̑štemtoβaŋše-βlakə̑štetoβaŋše-βlakə̑štem,
toβaŋšem-βlakə̑šte
Illative:toβaŋšə̑škemtoβaŋše-βlakə̑š(ke)toβaŋše-βlakə̑škem,
toβaŋšem-βlakə̑š(ke)
Lative:toβaŋšešemtoβaŋše-βlakeštoβaŋše-βlakešem,
toβaŋšem-βlakeš


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